Is there a list of steam games anywhere that have an in-game achievement window?

Dead Island and Dead Island Riptide have something similar.

I don't think so. If your looking for games that have - most of the Artifex Mundi games have them. Will add to this comment more games if I remember or find out..

Halls of Torment, example.

Divinity II: Developer's Cut

Most classic Popcap games have this, and i think in general most older games on Steam have this.

the Spelunky Games come to mind

God of Weapons? It doesnt have a tab in the main menu but theres a place in the lobby for achievements

Cell to Singularity has all Steam achievents in-game plus some more. Cookie clicker also has a list of achievements but just has an interrogation sign for any achievement not unlocked.

As far as lists go, that one is pretty too much specific, but if you find it, share it pls.

Reverse Collapse: Codename Bakery Girl has such an ingame menu.

As does PAYDAY 2

dead estate has that, very fun game

Most Hidden Object and Match 3 games.

Both Garden Rescue games (genre is Tower Defense) have a "Trophy Room" where the cheevos are displayed.
Garden Rescue
Garden Rescue Christmas Edition

To answer the question - not as I know.
To add games to the list:
Portal, Warframe

Subset Games:

FTL: Faster Than Light
Into The Breach

(I might be wrong, but I am almost sure)

Visual novels such as "Love Esquire" ig, but VNs have primarily galleries

Reventure has one.
Can't think of any other specific example right now but I'm pretty sure I've played a few other games with that feature.

Slay the Spire and TOEM have an in-game achievement overview

I guess this will be a long long list :) There are really a lot of games featuring this. I also remember games with such an in-game list but it did not feature all the achievements from steam.

Game UI Database

Stardew Valley:
https://oyster.ignimgs.com/mediawiki/apis.ign.com/stardew-valley/b/bf/Achievements.PNG

Also all of the Ace Attorney collections have them.

i've seen many games with such windows or a way to show some kind of completion but unfortunately i cant remember all of them.
some i can remember are:
1) The Binding of Isaac and The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth showing something like this
2) Alice: Madness Returns a window for all collectables here
3) Psychonauts a message moving around the central hub here
4) Yooka-Laylee a window for all collectables here
5) Paratopic a window for achievements here
6) Far Cry 3 you complete an arm tatoo here
7) Path of Exile has ingame window with the same achievements as steam
8) Diablo IV has a window with many ingame achievements/challenges, way more than the ones on steam

Hero of the kingdom III had it, so I assume all their games do.

Gremlins Inc