SATA drive won't boot. Can I still recover data from it? [Update - recovering data now]

What kind of a crash are we talking about ? Depending on the type of failure, it might be quite easy to extract files from it or the opposite.

^this. Maybe first try to connect the drive via USB if you have an adapter? If it starts up and is shown in device manager, there might be a chance...

As other's have said, it really depends. The master boot record can easily become corrupted without having anything wrong with the drive, certain sectors could be bad but most of the drive recoverable, or the drive could have actually had the read heads "crash" into the platters, rendering it completely unusable. You can buy an inexpensive external enclosure to connect it via USB to try.

Is the disk recognized in bios still, but not in windows?

A messed up MBR can be fixed with the right software.

An error diagnosis indication of the hard disk came out. → Physically recognize it.
Hard disk diagnosis (error correction) does not end → Possibility that it can not be read by software or OS.

Attach to the "USB connection kit" installed in another computer on which the other OS starts up and try to see if necessary data can be sucked out.
However, if there is important data that is difficult to disappear for business use, you should consult with the trader without doing anything.

The only way to know for sure is to try. You can buy adapters pretty cheap, so if it doesn't work it's not a big loss. And if it doesn't work the first try, give it a few more tries--you might get lucky.

My HDD on my old PC failed the same way (well, in the "wouldn't boot" way, I mean; I can't say whether the source of the problem is the same--mine was a mechanical failure, I think) and in the end, the only thing I wanted to transfer but couldn't was one game.

Good luck!

sounds like a messed up MBR or partition tables, if you can boot from windows installation media then there's a chance to fix the boot records etc its just a few commands, you need a system command prompt to put them in though so you have to choose to boot to command prompt then you just run these in sequence bootrec /FixMbr bootrec /FixBoot bootrec /ScanOs bootrec /RebuildBcd. If it doesnt get detected during POST then its likely the HDD drive board has failed, it gets difficult from there as you either need to transplant a new board onto the disk if no power, if you cant get into the windows commands but its powered then stick it into a USB external caddy, get your files and when done you have some extra storage space with the drive if you wipe it

Have you tried accessing the partitions on the drive by booting from another drive, usb or cdrom? You could try to mount the faulty partitions by booting from a linux live cdrom. If you can't mount any partitions from there you could also run GNU ddrescue ( https://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/ ) which allows you to copy entire partitions from a faulty drive to another drive minus the faulty sectors, which has a good chance to rescue data from undamaged parts of the drive.

I guess you already replaced it, but if you want to avoid buying an adapter, you could download something like FalconFour's Ultimate Boot CD, burn it, and then boot from it after putting the old HD back in. If that works you'll have access to a variety of diagnostic and file recovery tools, with one extreme simply being to clone the whole thing and the other being to use the included Win98 shell to just copy the files you want like you normally would, assuming that everything works well enough to afford you those options and you have an external HD or flash drive to copy the files to, but it might be easier to just get an adapter.

You can try to plug it in another computer as a secondary hard disk, to check if windows sees the drive anyway and it's just a boot failure.
Otherwise a more drastic measure (after trying pluggin in with a USB adapter) is to reconstruct the MBR, format the drive and then trying to recover files with Recuva from another PC, which is doable if those files aren't that important and you can afford to lose them eventually.