Do you know any city-building/economic-simulation games in medieval Japanese setting?

Chang'an: The capital of Tang Dynasty
not Japanese, but in Asian environment (China)

Well there is something like Sengoku. It's more of a grand strategy though

if for table game have Shogun is not that bad

about steam i see have one game name Total War: SHOGUN 2 but i not yet try it so i don't know much about,but enviroments looks like you asking https://store.steampowered.com/app/201270/Total_War_SHOGUN_2/

also sega have (but about china) total war three kingdoms
https://store.steampowered.com/app/779340/Total_War_THREE_KINGDOMS/

There is a light economic aspect in Nobunaga serie but honestly it's not an easy game and it can be fastly repetitive, try it if one day there is a free week-end on Steam. It's expensive so don't buy it without trying first please.

https://store.steampowered.com/app/375450/NOBUNAGAS_AMBITION_Sphere_of_Influence__Ascension/

You would prefer other city-building games even in other countries/times because there is nothing comparable actually in Japan. Better to play Frostpunk or Anno 1800.

Monopoly!

By economy, you mean grain volume, right?
https://store.steampowered.com/app/1356670/